Resumo O presente trabalho é resultado de uma pesquisa de mestrado que objetivou compreender como as violências nas relações afetivo-sexuais na adolescência são significadas por estudantes de uma escola estadual da região Costa Verde do Rio de Janeiro. O corpus da pesquisa deriva da observação participante no espaço escolar e de entrevistas em profundidade com 3 moças e 3 rapazes entre 18 e 24 anos. Os eixos de análise foram: as trajetórias afetivo-sexuais, as experiências que envolvem algum tipo de ação violenta no relacionamento e as agências diante dos conflitos. Os resultados revelam que as violências fazem parte do cotidiano e reforçam a dicotomia vítima e agressor. As interpretações da violência são divididas em dois sistemas, a “sofrência” e “ações violentas graves”, essas compreensões interferem no reconhecimento da violência e em suas agências. A reprodução de padrões sociais de gênero contribui para a manutenção de hierarquias e desigualdades que atingem a moças e rapazes de diferentes formas. O silenciamento a respeito do tema contribui para a invisibilidade da violência no relacionamento e consequentemente a não procura de cuidado junto aos serviços de saúde. É posto como desafio a expansão de estudos que possibilitem compreender melhor a violência nas relações afetivo-sexuais de adolescentes.

Abstract This work is the result of a master’s thesis that aimed to understand students’ perceptions of violence within affective-sexual relationships between adolescents in a public school in the Costa Verde, Rio de Janeiro. The study corpus was derived from participant observation in the school and in-depth interviews with three girls and three boys aged between 18 and 24 years. The core areas of analysis were affective-sexual trajectories, experiences involving violence within relationships, and agency in the face of conflict. The findings reveal that violence is part of the everyday lives of adolescents and reinforce the victim/aggressor dichotomy. The adolescents’ interpretations of violence were divided into two categories: “suffering” and “serious acts of violence”. These understandings influence the recognition of violence and agency. The reproduction of gender norms contributes to sustaining gender hierarchy and inequalities, which affect girls and boys differently. Silence on this issue contributes to the invisibility of violence within relationships and the consequent failure to seek support from relevant organizations and services. Further research is needed to gain a deeper understanding of violence within affective-sexual relationships between adolescents.

Resumo O presente trabalho é resultado de uma pesquisa de mestrado que objetivou compreender como as violências nas relações afetivo-sexuais na adolescência são significadas por estudantes de uma escola estadual da região Costa Verde do Rio de Janeiro. O corpus da pesquisa deriva da observação participante no espaço escolar e de entrevistas em profundidade com 3 moças e 3 rapazes entre 18 e 24 anos. Os eixos de análise foram: as trajetórias afetivo-sexuais, as experiências que envolvem algum tipo de ação violenta no relacionamento e as agências diante dos conflitos. Os resultados revelam que as violências fazem parte do cotidiano e reforçam a dicotomia vítima e agressor. As interpretações da violência são divididas em dois sistemas, a “sofrência” e “ações violentas graves”, essas compreensões interferem no reconhecimento da violência e em suas agências. A reprodução de padrões sociais de gênero contribui para a manutenção de hierarquias e desigualdades que atingem a moças e rapazes de diferentes formas. O silenciamento a respeito do tema contribui para a invisibilidade da violência no relacionamento e consequentemente a não procura de cuidado junto aos serviços de saúde. É posto como desafio a expansão de estudos que possibilitem compreender melhor a violência nas relações afetivo-sexuais de adolescentes.

Abstract This work is the result of a master’s thesis that aimed to understand students’ perceptions of violence within affective-sexual relationships between adolescents in a public school in the Costa Verde, Rio de Janeiro. The study corpus was derived from participant observation in the school and in-depth interviews with three girls and three boys aged between 18 and 24 years. The core areas of analysis were affective-sexual trajectories, experiences involving violence within relationships, and agency in the face of conflict. The findings reveal that violence is part of the everyday lives of adolescents and reinforce the victim/aggressor dichotomy. The adolescents’ interpretations of violence were divided into two categories: “suffering” and “serious acts of violence”. These understandings influence the recognition of violence and agency. The reproduction of gender norms contributes to sustaining gender hierarchy and inequalities, which affect girls and boys differently. Silence on this issue contributes to the invisibility of violence within relationships and the consequent failure to seek support from relevant organizations and services. Further research is needed to gain a deeper understanding of violence within affective-sexual relationships between adolescents.

Incentives to provide universal access to antiretroviral therapy in order to control the HIV/AIDS epidemic also encouraged the diversification of HIV testing strategies, as demonstrated by the simultaneous existence of Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) and Provider-Initiated HIV Testing and Counseling (PITC). This paper analyzes the concepts, principles and implementation of the VCT and PITC models regarding counseling, confidentiality and informed consent in Brazil and other countries, based on a literature review of works in the Lilacs, Medline, Sociological Abstracts and Cochrane databases published between 2000 and 2013. According to the literature, PITC increases rates of testing in comparison with VCT, but reduces sexual and reproductive rights and the autonomy of users. These findings suggest technical challenges and ethical tensions between the paradigm of exceptionalism and the normalization of HIV testing. The necessity to reconcile increased access to HIV tests with the local capacity to offer comprehensive care for people living with HIV/AIDS is highlighted. It is recommended that interdisciplinary studies about the social effects of VCT and PITC be amplified.

Los incentivos en el acceso universal a la terapia antirretroviral para el control del VIH-sida, estimularon la diversificación de los modelos de testeo del VIH, que se expresa en la coexistencia del Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) y Provider-Initiated HIV Testing and Counseling (PITC). Este artículo analiza los conceptos, los fundamentos y la aplicación de los modelos VCT y PITC con respecto a la consejería, la confidencialidad y el consentimiento informado en Brasil y en otros países, a partir de una revisión de la bibliografía en las bases Lilacs, Medline, Sociological Abstracts y Cochrane, publicada entre 2000 y 2013. Según los estudios, el PITC aumenta las tasas de testeo en relación con el VCT, pero reduce los derechos sexuales y reproductivos y la autonomía de los usuarios. Estos resultados señalan los desafíos técnicos y las tensiones éticas entre el paradigma de la excepcionalidad y la normalización del test. Se destaca la necesidad de conciliar el aumento en el acceso al examen con la capacidad local de cuidado integral a las personas que viven con VIH-sida y se recomienda ampliar los estudios interdisciplinares sobre los efectos sociales del VCT y PITC.

Incentives to provide universal access to antiretroviral therapy in order to control the HIV/AIDS epidemic also encouraged the diversification of HIV testing strategies, as demonstrated by the simultaneous existence of Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) and Provider-Initiated HIV Testing and Counseling (PITC). This paper analyzes the concepts, principles and implementation of the VCT and PITC models regarding counseling, confidentiality and informed consent in Brazil and other countries, based on a literature review of works in the Lilacs, Medline, Sociological Abstracts and Cochrane databases published between 2000 and 2013. According to the literature, PITC increases rates of testing in comparison with VCT, but reduces sexual and reproductive rights and the autonomy of users. These findings suggest technical challenges and ethical tensions between the paradigm of exceptionalism and the normalization of HIV testing. The necessity to reconcile increased access to HIV tests with the local capacity to offer comprehensive care for people living with HIV/AIDS is highlighted. It is recommended that interdisciplinary studies about the social effects of VCT and PITC be amplified.

Los incentivos en el acceso universal a la terapia antirretroviral para el control del VIH-sida, estimularon la diversificación de los modelos de testeo del VIH, que se expresa en la coexistencia del Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) y Provider-Initiated HIV Testing and Counseling (PITC). Este artículo analiza los conceptos, los fundamentos y la aplicación de los modelos VCT y PITC con respecto a la consejería, la confidencialidad y el consentimiento informado en Brasil y en otros países, a partir de una revisión de la bibliografía en las bases Lilacs, Medline, Sociological Abstracts y Cochrane, publicada entre 2000 y 2013. Según los estudios, el PITC aumenta las tasas de testeo en relación con el VCT, pero reduce los derechos sexuales y reproductivos y la autonomía de los usuarios. Estos resultados señalan los desafíos técnicos y las tensiones éticas entre el paradigma de la excepcionalidad y la normalización del test. Se destaca la necesidad de conciliar el aumento en el acceso al examen con la capacidad local de cuidado integral a las personas que viven con VIH-sida y se recomienda ampliar los estudios interdisciplinares sobre los efectos sociales del VCT y PITC.